Adorno, T, and M Horkheimer. ‘The Culture Industry: Enlightenment as Mass Deception [in] Approaches to Media: A Reader’. Approaches to Media: A Reader. Foundations in media. London: Arnold, 1995. Print.
‘Africa’s Media Image’. (1992): n. pag. Web. <https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edseul&AN=edseul.3000086717716&authtype=sso&custid=s8993828&site=eds-live&scope=site>.
Alden, Chris. China in Africa. African arguments. London: Zed, 2007. Web. <http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=91839&entityid=https://login.uea.ac.uk/entity>.
Alia, Valerie, and Simone Bull. Media and Ethnic Minorities. Media topics. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2005. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/detail.action?docID=264950>.
Allen, R. C. ‘From Exhibition to Reception: Reflections on the Audience in Film History’. Screen 31.4 (1990): 347–356. Web.
Althusser, L. ‘Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses [in] Media and Cultural Studies: Keyworks’. Media and Cultural Studies: Keyworks. 2nd ed. Keyworks. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/detail.action?docID=239901>.
Ang, Ien. Desperately Seeking the Audience. London: Routledge, 1991. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/detail.action?milDocID=47832>.
---. Watching Dallas: Soap Opera and the Melodramatic Imagination. London: Routledge, 2005. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/detail.action?docID=1395429>.
---. Watching Dallas: Soap Opera and the Melodramatic Imagination. London: Routledge, 2005. Print.
Banda, Fackson. ‘China in the African Mediascape: A Critical Injection’. Journal of African Media Studies 1.3 (2009): 343–361. Web.
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Barker, M. ‘The Newsom Report: A Case Study in “Common Sense” [in] Ill Effects: The Media/Violence Debate’. Ill Effects: The Media/Violence Debate. 2nd ed. Communication and society. London: Routledge, 2001. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/detail.action?docID=166481>.
Barker, Martin, and Ernest Mathijs. Watching the Lord of the Rings: Tolkien’s World Audiences. Media and culture. New York: Peter Lang, 2008. Web. <http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip0720/2007024352.html>.
Barthes, R. ‘Myth Today [in] Cultural Theory and Popular Culture: An Introduction’. Cultural Theory and Popular Culture: An Introduction. Seventh edition. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, 2015. Web. <http://uea.eblib.com/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=2046454>.
Bennett, W. Lance, and Robert M. Entman. Mediated Politics: Communication in the Future of Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. Web. <https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511613852>.
Bennett, W. Lance, and Shanto Iyengar. ‘A New Era of Minimal Effects? The Changing Foundations of Political Communication’. Journal of Communication 58.4 (2008): 707–731. Web.
Benson, Rodney, and Erik Neveu. Bourdieu and the Journalistic Field. Cambridge: Polity, 2005. Print.
Benwell, Bethan. Masculinity and Men’s Lifestyle Magazines. Sociological Review monographs. Oxford: Blackwell, 2003. Print.
Berger, Arthur Asa. Media Analysis Techniques. Sixth edition. Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE Publications, Inc, 2019. Print.
Berkowitz, Daniel A. Social Meanings of News: A Text-Reader. Thousand Oaks: Sage, 1997. Print.
Bertrand, I, and P Hughes. ‘Gathering Data on Audiences [in] Media Research Methods: Audiences, Institutions, Texts’. Media Research Methods: Audiences, Institutions, Texts. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005. Print.
Bignell, Jonathan. Media Semiotics: An Introduction. 2nd ed. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2002. Print.
Blumler, J, and M Gurevitch. ‘Towards a Comparative Framework for Political Communication Research [in] The Crisis of Public Communication’. The Crisis of Public Communication. Communication and society. London: Routledge, 1995. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/detail.action?docID=166135>.
Bourdieu, Pierre. Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste. Routledge classics. London: Routledge, 2010. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/detail.action?docID=1433990>.
Boyd-Barrett, Oliver. Media Imperialism. Los Angeles: SAGE, 2015. Print.
Brookes, Heather Jean. ‘`Suit, Tie and a Touch of Juju’—The Ideological Construction of Africa: A Critical Discourse Analysis of News on Africa in the British Press’. Discourse & Society 6.4 (1995): 461–494. Web.
Bunce, Melanie, Suzanne Franks, and Chris Paterson, eds. Africa’s Media Image in the 21st Century: From the ‘Heart of Darkness’ to ‘Africa Rising’. London: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, 2017. Print.
Campbell, David. ‘Geopolitics and Visuality: Sighting the Darfur Conflict’. Political Geography 26.4 (2007): 357–382. Web.
Carter, Cynthia, and Linda Steiner. Critical Readings: Media and Gender. Issues in cultural and media studies. Maidenhead: Open University Press, 2004. Print.
Carter, F. ‘It’s a Girl Thing. Teenage Magazines, Lifestyle and Consumer Culture [in] Ordinary Lifestyles: Popular Media, Consumption and Taste’. Ordinary Lifestyles: Popular Media, Consumption and Taste. Maidenhead: Open University Press, 2005. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/detail.action?docID=287852>.
Cohen, Stanley. Folk Devils & Moral Panics: The Creation of the Mods and Rockers. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1987. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/detail.action?docID=684015>.
Cook, Christopher R. ‘Diamonds and Genocide’. SAGE Open 3.3 (2013): n. pag. Web.
‘Coverage of African Conflicts in the American Media: Filtering out the Logi...’ African and Asian Studies (2013): n. pag. Web. <https://uea.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search-ebscohost-com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=93479760&site=ehost-live>.
Craig, Steve. Men, Masculinity, and the Media. Research on men and masculinities series. Newbury Park, Ca: Sage Publications, 1992. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/detail.action?docID=997226>.
Crang, Mike, and Ian Cook. Doing Ethnographies. Los Angeles, Calif: SAGE, 2007. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/detail.action?docID=370497>.
Croteau, D, and W Hoynes. ‘Media and Ideology [in] Media Society: Industries, Images, and Audiences’. Media Society: Industries, Images, and Audiences. 3rd ed. Thousand Oaks, Calif: Pine Forge Press, 2003. Print.
Curran, James et al. ‘Media Imperialism: Towards an International Framework for an Analysis of Media Systems [in] Mass Communication and Society’. Mass Communication and Society. London: Edward Arnold in association with The Open University Press, 1977. Print.
Davis, Aeron. Political Communication and Social Theory. Communication and society. London: Routledge, 2010. Web. <http://www.UEA.eblib.com/EBLWeb/patron?target=patron&extendedid=P_557280_0&>.
---. The Mediation of Power: A Critical Introduction. Communication and society. Abingdon: Routledge, 2007. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/detail.action?docID=324849>.
Deacon, David. Researching Communications: A Practical Guide to Methods in Media and Cultural Analysis. 2nd ed. London: Hodder Arnold, 2007. Print.
‘Definition and Scope of Afro-Pessimism by Toussaint Nothias. Availible Here - Http://Eprints.Whiterose.Ac.Uk/96381/’. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/96381/>.
Dijk, Teun A. van, Teun A. van Dijk, and Teun A. van Dijk. Racism and the Press. Critical studies in racism and migration. London: Routledge, 1991. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/detail.action?docID=3570178>.
Dorfman, Ariel, and Armand Mattelart. How to Read Donald Duck: Imperialist Ideology in the Disney Comic. 2nd ed., enl. New York: International General, 1984. Print.
Downing, John, and Charles Husband. Representing Race: Racisms, Ethnicities and Media. London: Sage, 2005. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/detail.action?docID=334517>.
Entman, Robert M, and Nikki Usher. ‘Framing in a Fractured Democracy: Impacts of Digital Technology on Ideology, Power and Cascading Network Activation’. Journal of Communication 68.2 (2018): 298–308. Web.
Entman, Robert, and Andrew Rojecki. ‘Freezing out the Public: Elite and Media Framing of the U.S. Anti-Nuclear Movement’. Political Communication 10.2 (1993): 155–173. Web.
Eveland, William P., Douglas M. McLeod, and Nancy Signorielli. ‘ACTUAL AND PERCEIVED U.S. PUBLIC OPINION: THE SPIRAL OF SILENCE DURING THE PERSIAN GULF WAR’. International Journal of Public Opinion Research 7.2 (1995): 91–109. Web.
Fair, Jo Ellen. ‘War, Famine, and Poverty: Race in the Construction of Africa’s Media Image’. Journal of Communication Inquiry 17.2 (1993): 5–22. Web.
Fairclough, N. ‘Critical Analysis of Media Discourse [in] Media and Cultural Studies: Keyworks’. Media and Cultural Studies: Keyworks. 2nd ed. Keyworks. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/detail.action?docID=239901>.
Franks, S. ‘Africa in the Media’. University of Westminster, 2005. Web. <http://www.westminster.ac.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0019/20179/zim_art8.pdf>.
Freedman, Des. The Politics of Media Policy. Cambridge, UK: Polity, 2008. Web. <http://uea.eblib.com/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=1272661>.
‘From NWICO to Global Governance of the Information Society [in] Media and Glocal Change / Oscar Hemer and Thomas Tufte.’ Media and Glocal Change / Oscar Hemer and Thomas Tufte. Nordicom, 2005: N.p. Web. <http://bibliotecavirtual.clacso.org.ar/ar/libros/edicion/media/17Chapter11.pdf>.
Gauntlett, D. ‘Ten Things Wrong with the “Effects Model” [in] Approaches to Audiences: A Reader’. Approaches to Audiences: A Reader. Arnold, 1998. Print.
Gauntlett, David, and Annette Hill. TV Living: Television, Culture, and Everyday Life. London: Routledge in association with the British Film Institute, 1999. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/detail.action?docID=165172>.
Geraghty, C. ‘Audiences and Ethnography: Questions of Practice [in] The Television Studies Book’. The Television Studies Book. London: Arnold, 1997. Print.
Gillespie, Marie, and Jason Toynbee. Analysing Media Texts. [4]. Maidenhead, Berkshire, England: Open University Press in association with the Open University, 2006. Print.
Golan, Guy J. ‘Where in the World Is Africa?’ International Communication Gazette 70.1 (2008): 41–57. Web.
Golding, Peter, and Phil Harris. Beyond Cultural Imperialism: Globalization, Communication and the New International Order. Communication and human values. London: SAGE, 1997. Print.
Hall, S. ‘Racist Ideologies and the Media [in] Media Studies: A Reader’. Media Studies: A Reader. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1996. Print.
---. ‘The Television Discourse- Encoding and Decoding [in] Studying Culture: An Introductory Reader’. Studying Culture: An Introductory Reader. 2nd ed. London: Arnold, 1997. Print.
Hall, Stuart. Policing the Crisis: Mugging, the State, and Law and Order. Critical social studies. London (etc.): Macmillan, 1978. Print.
Hallin, Daniel C., and Paolo Mancini. Comparing Media Systems beyond the Western World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012. Web. <https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139005098>.
---. Comparing Media Systems: Three Models of Media and Politics. Communication, society, and politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004. Web. <https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511790867>.
Hardy, Jonathan. Western Media Systems. London: Routledge, 2008. Web. <http://UEA.eblib.com/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=481090>.
Harrison, Graham. The African Presence: Representations of Africa in the Construction of Britishness. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2013. Web. <https://manchester.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.7228/manchester/9780719088858.001.0001/upso-9780719088858>.
Harrison, Paul, and Robin H. Palmer. News out of Africa: Biafra to Band Aid. London: Shipman, 1986. Print.
Hawk, Beverly G. Africa’s Media Image. New York: Praeger, 1992. Print.
Herman, Edward S., and Robert Waterman McChesney. The Global Media: The New Missionaries of Corporate Capitalism. London: Continuum, 1997. Print.
Hermes, Joke. Reading Women’s Magazines: An Analysis of Everyday Media Use. Cambridge: Polity, 1995. Print.
Hesmondhalgh, David. The Cultural Industries. 3rd ed. London: SAGE, 2013. Print.
Higgins, MaryEllen. Hollywood’s Africa after 1994. Athens: Ohio University Press, 2012. Web. <https://search-ebscohost-com.uea.idm.oclc.org/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=818166&site=eds-live&scope=site>.
Hopkins, Jeff. ‘Signs of Masculinism in an “Uneasy” Place: Advertising for “Big Brothers”’. Gender, Place & Culture 7.1 (2000): 31–55. Web.
Inness, Sherrie A. Action Chicks: New Images of Tough Women in Popular Culture. 1st ed. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/detail.action?docID=307560>.
Jaworski, Adam, and Nikolas Coupland, eds. The Discourse Reader. Third edition. London: Routledge, 2014. Print.
Jeannine E. Relly, Celeste González de Bustamante Celeste González de. ‘Silencing Mexico: A Study of Influences on Journalists in the Northern States’. (2013): n. pag. Web. <https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1940161213509285>.
Johan Galtung and Mari Holmboe Ruge. ‘The Structure of Foreign News’. Journal of Peace Research 2.1 (1965): 64–91. Web. <https://uea.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/423011?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents>.
Johnstone, Barbara. Discourse Analysis. 2nd ed. Vol. 3. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing, 2008. Print.
JOYE, STIJN. ‘The Hierarchy of Global Suffering’. Journal of International Communication 15.2 (2009): 45–61. Web.
Kellow, Christine L., and H. Leslie Steeves. ‘The Role of Radio in the Rwandan Genocide’. Journal of Communication 48.3 (1998): 107–128. Web. <https://academic-oup-com.uea.idm.oclc.org/joc/article/48/3/107/4108139>.
Landau, Paul Stuart, and Deborah D. Kaspin. Images and Empires: Visuality in Colonial and Postcolonial Africa. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/detail.action?docID=224222>.
Lazar, M. M. ‘Gender, Discourse and Semiotics: The Politics of Parenthood Representations’. Discourse & Society 11.3 (2000): 373–400. Web.
Lazar, Michelle M. ‘"Discover The Power Of Femininity!”’. Feminist Media Studies 6.4 (2006): 505–517. Web.
Lewis, Justin, and Justin Lewis. Constructing Public Opinion: How Political Elites Do What They like and Why We Seem to Go along with It. New York: Columbia University Press, 2001. Web. <https://search-ebscohost-com.uea.idm.oclc.org/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=75535&site=eds-live&scope=site>.
Livingston, Steven, and Todd Eachus. ‘Humanitarian Crises and U.S. Foreign Policy: Somalia and the CNN Effect Reconsidered’. Political Communication 12.4 (1995): 413–429. Web.
Livingstone, S. ‘Suffering in Silence: Media Coverage of War and Famine in Sudan [in] From Massacres to Genocide: The Media, Public Policy, and Humanitarian Crises’. From Massacres to Genocide: The Media, Public Policy, and Humanitarian Crises. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution, 1996. Print.
MacBride, Seán. Many Voices, One World: Communication and Society, Today and Tomorrow : Towards a New More Just and More Efficient World Information and Communication Order. London: Kogan Page, 1980. Print.
Macdonald, Myra. Representing Women: Myths of Femininity in the Popular Media. London: Edward Arnold, 1995. Print.
Mawdsley, Emma. ‘Fu Manchu versus Dr Livingstone in the Dark Continent? Representing China, Africa and the West in British Broadsheet Newspapers’. Political Geography 27.5 (2008): 509–529. Web.
McQuail, Denis. McQuail’s Mass Communication Theory. 6th ed. Los Angeles, Calif: SAGE, 2010. Web. <http://UEA.eblib.com/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=480096>.
McRobbie, A, and S Thornton. ‘Rethinking “Moral Panic” for Multi-Mediated Social Worlds’. The British Journal of Sociology 46.4 (1995): 559–574. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/591571?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents>.
McRobbie, Angela. Feminism and Youth Culture. 2nd ed. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 2000. Print.
---. ‘YOUNG WOMEN AND CONSUMER CULTURE’. Cultural Studies 22.5 (2008): 531–550. Web.
---. ‘Young Women and Consumer Culture’. Cultural Studies 22.5 (2008): 531–550. Web.
Mel, Bunce. ‘Management and Resistance in the Digital Newsroom.’ (2017): n. pag. Web. <http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/16440/>.
Mengara, Daniel M. Images of Africa: Stereotypes & Realities. Trenton, N.J.: Africa World Press, 2001. Print.
Mezzana, D. ‘A Cancerous Image: The Causes of Africa’s Negative and Reductive Image’. African Societies (2005): n. pag. Web. <http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/digitaldemocracy/mezzana.htm>.
Miller, David. ‘Opinion Polls and the Misrepresentation of Public Opinion on the War with Afghanistan’. Television & New Media 3.2 (2002): 153–161. Web.
Mody, Bella. ‘Global Communication Orders [in] International and Development Communication: A 21st-Century Perspective’. International and Development Communication: A 21st-Century Perspective. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 2003. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/detail.action?docID=1016388>.
Moeller, S. ‘Regarding the Pain of Others: Media, Bias and the Coverage of International Disasters’. Journal of International Affairs. Spring/Summer 59.2 (2006): 173–196. Web. <https://uea.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=20804753&site=ehost-live>.
Moores, Shaun. Interpreting Audiences: The Ethnography of Media Consumption. London: Sage, 1993. Print.
Morley, D. ‘Changing Paradigms in Audience Studies [in] Remote Control: Television, Audiences, and Cultural Power’. Remote Control: Television, Audiences, and Cultural Power. London: Routledge, 1989. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/detail.action?docID=1221523>.
Morley, David. Television, Audiences, and Cultural Studies. London: Routledge, 1992. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/detail.action?docID=179188>.
Mulvey, L. ‘Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema’. Screen 16.3 (1975): 6–18. Web.
‘News from and in the “Dark Continent”: Afro-Pessimism, News Flows, Global j...’ Journalism Studies (2010): n. pag. Web. <https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14616701003638509>.
Newton, K. ‘May the Weak Force Be with You: The Power of the Mass Media in Modern Politics’. European Journal of Political Research 45.2 (2006): 209–234. Web. <https://uea.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1475-6765.2006.00296.x/abstract>.
Newton, Kenneth, and Malcolm Brynin. ‘The National Press and Party Voting in the UK’. Political Studies 49.2 (2001): 265–285. Web.
Norris, Pippa. A Virtuous Circle: Political Communications in Post-Industrial Democracies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. Web. <https://www-cambridge-org.uea.idm.oclc.org/core/books/virtuous-circle/93623037EA261D4CA3AE0CB41E41A46A>.
---. Electoral Change in Britain since 1945. Making contemporary Britain series. Oxford: Blackwell, 1997. Print.
Nothias, Toussaint. ‘How Western Journalists Actually Write About Africa’. Journalism Studies 19.8 (2018): 1138–1159. Web.
Olsen, Gorm Rye, Nils Carstensen, and Kristian Høyen. ‘Humanitarian Crises: What Determines the Level of Emergency Assistance? Media Coverage, Donor Interests and the Aid Business’. Disasters 27.2 (2003): 109–126. Web.
Phil Harding. ‘Public Service Media in Divided Societies: Relic or Renaissance?’ (2015): n. pag. Web. <http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/mediaaction/pdf/policybriefing/psb-in-divided-societies-sept-2015.pdf>.
Philip Seib. ‘Hegemonic No More: Western Media, the Rise of Al-Jazeera, and the Influence of Diverse Voices’. International Studies Review 7.4 (2005): 601–615. Web. <https://uea.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/3699677?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents>.
Philo, Greg. ‘Television News and Audience Understanding of War, Conflict and Disaster’. Journalism Studies 3.2 (2002): 173–186. Web.
Philo, Greg and Glasgow Media Group. Message Received: Glasgow Media Group Research, 1993-1998. Harlow: Longman, 1999. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/detail.action?docID=1710593>.
Pickard, Victor. ‘Neoliberal Visions and Revisions in Global Communications Policy From NWICO to WSIS’. Journal of Communication Inquiry 31.2 (2007): 118–139. Web.
‘Public Service Broadcasting: A New Beginning, or the Beginning of the End?’ N.p., n.d. Web. <http://docplayer.net/309092-Public-service-broadcasting-a-new-beginning-or-the-beginning-of-the-end.html>.
Radway, Janice A. Reading the Romance: Women, Patriarchy, and Popular Literature. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1991. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/detail.action?docID=880363>.
Reeves, Geoffrey W. ‘The New International Information Order [in] Communications and the “Third World”’. Communications and the ‘Third World’. Studies in culture and communication. London: Routledge, 1993. Print.
‘Representation or Misrepresentation? The New York Times’s Framing of the 19...’ African Identities (2010): n. pag. Web. <https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=55308366&authtype=sso&custid=s8993828&site=eds-live&scope=site>.
‘Rethinking Public Service Broadcasting’s Place in International Media Development’. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://www.cima.ned.org/publication/psb/>.
Rose, Gillian. Visual Methodologies: An Introduction to the Interpretation of Visual Materials. London: Sage, 2001. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/detail.action?docID=254742>.
Rye Olsen, Gorm. ‘European Public Opinion and Aid to Africa: Is There a Link?’ The Journal of Modern African Studies 39.04 (2001): n. pag. Web.
SAMUEL-AZRAN, TAL. ‘Counterflows and Counterpublics’. Journal of International Communication 15.1 (2009): 56–73. Web.
Seiter, Ellen. Remote Control: Television, Audiences, and Cultural Power. London: Routledge, 1989. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/detail.action?docID=1221523>.
Shim, D. ‘Hybridity and the Rise of Korean Popular Culture in Asia’. Media, Culture & Society 28.1 (2006): 25–44. Web.
Shoemaker, P, and S Reese. ‘Inside the Image Factory: Theories of Media Organisation and Media Work [in] Understanding Media Theory’. Understanding Media Theory. London: Arnold, 2003. Print.
Shoemaker, Pamela J., and Stephen D. Reese. Mediating the Message in the 21st Century: A Media Sociology Perspective. Third edition. New York: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group, 2014. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/detail.action?milDocID=542526>.
Siebert, Fred S., Theodore Peterson, and Wilbur Schramm. Four Theories of the Press: The Authoritarian, Libertarian, Social Responsibility and Soviet Communist Concepts of What the Press Should Be and Do. Urbana, [Ill.]: University of Illinois Press, 1984. Print.
Silverman, David. Interpreting Qualitative Data. 5E. Los Angeles: SAGE, 2014. Print.
Silverstone, Roger. Television and Everyday Life. London: Routledge, 1994. Print.
Somerville, Keith. ‘British Media Coverage of the Post-Election Violence in Kenya’. n. pag. Web. <https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edswss&AN=000272535200008&authtype=sso&custid=s8993828&site=eds-live&scope=site>.
Staiger, Janet. Interpreting Films: Studies in the Historical Reception of American Cinema. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1992. Print.
Stewart, K. ‘Researching Online Populations: The Use of Online Focus Groups for Social Research’. Qualitative Research 5.4 (2005): 395–416. Web.
Straus, Scott. ‘What Is the Relationship between Hate Radio and Violence? Rethinking Rwanda’s "Radio Machete”’. Politics & Society 35.4 (2007): 609–637. Web.
Street, John. Mass Media, Politics, and Democracy. 2nd ed. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/detail.action?docID=5297524>.
Strinati, Dominic. An Introduction to Theories of Popular Culture. 2nd ed. London: Routledge, 2004. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/detail.action?docID=200017>.
Sun, Wanning. Maid in China: Media, Mobility, and the Cultural Politics of Boundaries. London: Routledge, 2009. Web. <http://UEA.eblib.com/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=371005>.
Tannen, Deborah, Heidi Ehernberger Hamilton, and Deborah Schiffrin, eds. The Handbook of Discourse Analysis. Second edition. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley Blackwell, 2018. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/reader.action?docID=1895501>.
TEO, P. ‘Racism in the News: A Critical Discourse Analysis of News Reporting in Two Australian Newspapers’. Discourse & Society 11.1 (2000): 7–49. Web.
Thussu, Daya Kishan. ‘From M Bride to Murdoch: The Marketisation of Global Communication’. Javnost - The Public 12.3 (2005): 47–60. Web.
---. ‘Reinventing "Many Voices”: MacBride and a Digital New World Information and Communication Order’. Javnost - The Public 22.3 (2015): 252–263. Web.
Toussaint, Nothias. ‘“Rising”, “Hopeful”, “New”: Visualizing Africa in the Age of Globalization’. (2014): n. pag. Web. <https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1470357214530063?journalCode=vcja>.
Tulloch, John, and Henry Jenkins. Science Fiction Audiences: Watching Doctor Who and Star Trek. Popular fiction series. London: Routledge, 1995. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/detail.action?docID=240558>.
Tunstall, Jeremy. The Media Were American: U.S. Mass Media in Decline. New York: Oxford University Press, 2008. Web. <http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0723/2006053274-t.html>.
van Dijk, T. A. ‘Principles of Critical Discourse Analysis’. Discourse & Society 4.2 (1993): 249–283. Web.
Van Dijk, Teun A. ‘Discourse And the Denial of Racism [in] The Discourse Reader’. The Discourse Reader. Ed. Adam Jaworski and Nikolas Coupland. Third edition. London: Routledge, 2014. Print.
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