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Alden, Chris. 2007. China in Africa. Vol. African arguments. London: Zed. http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=91839&entityid=https://login.uea.ac.uk/entity.
Alia, Valerie, and Simone Bull. 2005. Media and Ethnic Minorities. Vol. Media topics. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/detail.action?docID=264950.
Allen, R. C. 1990. ‘From Exhibition to Reception: Reflections on the Audience in Film History’. Screen 31 (4): 347–56. https://doi.org/10.1093/screen/31.4.347.
Althusser, L. 2012. ‘Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses [in] Media and Cultural Studies: Keyworks’. In Media and Cultural Studies: Keyworks, 2nd ed. Vol. Keyworks. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/detail.action?docID=239901.
Ang, Ien. 1991. Desperately Seeking the Audience. London: Routledge. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/detail.action?milDocID=47832.
———. 2005a. Watching Dallas: Soap Opera and the Melodramatic Imagination. London: Routledge. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/detail.action?docID=1395429.
———. 2005b. Watching Dallas: Soap Opera and the Melodramatic Imagination. London: Routledge.
Banda, Fackson. 2009. ‘China in the African Mediascape: A Critical Injection’. Journal of African Media Studies 1 (3): 343–61. https://doi.org/10.1386/jams.1.3.343/1.
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Barker, M. 2001. ‘The Newsom Report: A Case Study in “Common Sense” [in] Ill Effects: The Media/Violence Debate’. In Ill Effects: The Media/Violence Debate, 2nd ed. Vol. Communication and society. London: Routledge. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/detail.action?docID=166481.
Barker, Martin, and Ernest Mathijs. 2008. Watching the Lord of the Rings: Tolkien’s World Audiences. Vol. Media and culture. New York: Peter Lang. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip0720/2007024352.html.
Barthes, R. 2015. ‘Myth Today [in] Cultural Theory and Popular Culture: An Introduction’. In Cultural Theory and Popular Culture: An Introduction, Seventh edition. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group. http://uea.eblib.com/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=2046454.
Bennett, W. Lance, and Robert M. Entman. 2001. Mediated Politics: Communication in the Future of Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511613852.
Bennett, W. Lance, and Shanto Iyengar. 2008. ‘A New Era of Minimal Effects? The Changing Foundations of Political Communication’. Journal of Communication 58 (4): 707–31. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2008.00410.x.
Benson, Rodney, and Erik Neveu. 2005. Bourdieu and the Journalistic Field. Cambridge: Polity.
Benwell, Bethan. 2003. Masculinity and Men’s Lifestyle Magazines. Vol. Sociological Review monographs. Oxford: Blackwell.
Berger, Arthur Asa. 2019. Media Analysis Techniques. Sixth edition. Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE Publications, Inc.
Berkowitz, Daniel A. 1997. Social Meanings of News: A Text-Reader. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Bertrand, I, and P Hughes. 2005. ‘Gathering Data on Audiences [in] Media Research Methods: Audiences, Institutions, Texts’. In Media Research Methods: Audiences, Institutions, Texts. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Bignell, Jonathan. 2002. Media Semiotics: An Introduction. 2nd ed. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
Blumler, J, and M Gurevitch. 1995. ‘Towards a Comparative Framework for Political Communication Research [in] The Crisis of Public Communication’. In The Crisis of Public Communication. Vol. Communication and society. London: Routledge. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/detail.action?docID=166135.
Bourdieu, Pierre. 2010. Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste. Vol. Routledge classics. London: Routledge. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/detail.action?docID=1433990.
Boyd-Barrett, Oliver. 2015. Media Imperialism. Los Angeles: SAGE.
Brookes, Heather Jean. 1995. ‘`Suit, Tie and a Touch of Juju’—The Ideological Construction of Africa: A Critical Discourse Analysis of News on Africa in the British Press’. Discourse & Society 6 (4): 461–94. https://doi.org/10.1177/0957926595006004002.
Bunce, Melanie, Suzanne Franks, and Chris Paterson, eds. 2017. Africa’s Media Image in the 21st Century: From the ‘Heart of Darkness’ to ‘Africa Rising’. London: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group.
Campbell, David. 2007. ‘Geopolitics and Visuality: Sighting the Darfur Conflict’. Political Geography 26 (4): 357–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2006.11.005.
Carter, Cynthia, and Linda Steiner. 2004. Critical Readings: Media and Gender. Vol. Issues in cultural and media studies. Maidenhead: Open University Press.
Carter, F. 2005. ‘It’s a Girl Thing. Teenage Magazines, Lifestyle and Consumer Culture [in] Ordinary Lifestyles: Popular Media, Consumption and Taste’. In Ordinary Lifestyles: Popular Media, Consumption and Taste. Maidenhead: Open University Press. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/detail.action?docID=287852.
Cohen, Stanley. 1987. Folk Devils & Moral Panics: The Creation of the Mods and Rockers. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/detail.action?docID=684015.
Cook, Christopher R. 2013. ‘Diamonds and Genocide’. SAGE Open 3 (3). https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244013495051.
‘Coverage of African Conflicts in the American Media: Filtering out the Logi...’ 2013. African and Asian Studies. https://uea.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search-ebscohost-com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=93479760&site=ehost-live.
Craig, Steve. 1992. Men, Masculinity, and the Media. Vol. Research on men and masculinities series. Newbury Park, Ca: Sage Publications. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/detail.action?docID=997226.
Crang, Mike, and Ian Cook. 2007. Doing Ethnographies. Los Angeles, Calif: SAGE. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/detail.action?docID=370497.
Croteau, D, and W Hoynes. 2003. ‘Media and Ideology [in] Media Society: Industries, Images, and Audiences’. In Media Society: Industries, Images, and Audiences, 3rd ed. Thousand Oaks, Calif: Pine Forge Press.
Curran, James, Michael Gurevitch, Janet Woollacott, and James Curran. 1977. ‘Media Imperialism: Towards an International Framework for an Analysis of Media Systems [in] Mass Communication and Society’. In Mass Communication and Society. London: Edward Arnold in association with The Open University Press.
Davis, Aeron. 2007. The Mediation of Power: A Critical Introduction. Vol. Communication and society. Abingdon: Routledge. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/detail.action?docID=324849.
———. 2010. Political Communication and Social Theory. Vol. Communication and society. London: Routledge. http://www.UEA.eblib.com/EBLWeb/patron?target=patron&extendedid=P_557280_0&
Deacon, David. 2007. Researching Communications: A Practical Guide to Methods in Media and Cultural Analysis. 2nd ed. London: Hodder Arnold.
‘Definition and Scope of Afro-Pessimism by Toussaint Nothias. Availible Here - Http://Eprints.Whiterose.Ac.Uk/96381/’. n.d. http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/96381/.
Dijk, T. A. van. 1993. ‘Principles of Critical Discourse Analysis’. Discourse & Society 4 (2): 249–83. https://doi.org/10.1177/0957926593004002006.
Dijk, Teun A. van, Teun A. van Dijk, and Teun A. van Dijk. 1991. Racism and the Press. Vol. Critical studies in racism and migration. London: Routledge. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/detail.action?docID=3570178.
Dorfman, Ariel, and Armand Mattelart. 1984. How to Read Donald Duck: Imperialist Ideology in the Disney Comic. 2nd ed., Enl. New York: International General.
Downing, John, and Charles Husband. 2005. Representing Race: Racisms, Ethnicities and Media. London: Sage. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/detail.action?docID=334517.
Entman, Robert M, and Nikki Usher. 2018. ‘Framing in a Fractured Democracy: Impacts of Digital Technology on Ideology, Power and Cascading Network Activation’. Journal of Communication 68 (2): 298–308. https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqx019.
Entman, Robert, and Andrew Rojecki. 1993. ‘Freezing out the Public: Elite and Media Framing of the U.S. Anti-Nuclear Movement’. Political Communication 10 (2): 155–73. https://doi.org/10.1080/10584609.1993.9962973.
Eveland, William P., Douglas M. McLeod, and Nancy Signorielli. 1995. ‘ACTUAL AND PERCEIVED U.S. PUBLIC OPINION: THE SPIRAL OF SILENCE DURING THE PERSIAN GULF WAR’. International Journal of Public Opinion Research 7 (2): 91–109. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpor/7.2.91.
Fair, Jo Ellen. 1993. ‘War, Famine, and Poverty: Race in the Construction of Africa’s Media Image’. Journal of Communication Inquiry 17 (2): 5–22. https://doi.org/10.1177/019685999301700202.
Fairclough, N. 2012. ‘Critical Analysis of Media Discourse [in] Media and Cultural Studies: Keyworks’. In Media and Cultural Studies: Keyworks, 2nd ed. Vol. Keyworks. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/detail.action?docID=239901.
Franks, S. 2005. ‘Africa in the Media’. London: University of Westminster. 2005. http://www.westminster.ac.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0019/20179/zim_art8.pdf.
Freedman, Des. 2008. The Politics of Media Policy. Cambridge, UK: Polity. http://uea.eblib.com/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=1272661.
‘From NWICO to Global Governance of the Information Society [in] Media and Glocal Change / Oscar Hemer and Thomas Tufte.’ n.d. In Media and Glocal Change / Oscar Hemer and Thomas Tufte. Nordicom, 2005. http://bibliotecavirtual.clacso.org.ar/ar/libros/edicion/media/17Chapter11.pdf.
Gauntlett, D. 1998. ‘Ten Things Wrong with the “Effects Model” [in] Approaches to Audiences: A Reader’. In Approaches to Audiences: A Reader. Arnold.
Gauntlett, David, and Annette Hill. 1999. TV Living: Television, Culture, and Everyday Life. London: Routledge in association with the British Film Institute. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/detail.action?docID=165172.
Geraghty, C. 1997. ‘Audiences and Ethnography: Questions of Practice [in] The Television Studies Book’. In The Television Studies Book. London: Arnold.
Gillespie, Marie, and Jason Toynbee. 2006. Analysing Media Texts. Vol. [4]. Maidenhead, Berkshire, England: Open University Press in association with the Open University.
Golan, Guy J. 2008. ‘Where in the World Is Africa?’ International Communication Gazette 70 (1): 41–57. https://doi.org/10.1177/1748048507084577.
Golding, Peter, and Phil Harris. 1997. Beyond Cultural Imperialism: Globalization, Communication and the New International Order. Vol. Communication and human values. London: SAGE.
Hall, S. 1996. ‘Racist Ideologies and the Media [in] Media Studies: A Reader’. In Media Studies: A Reader. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
———. 1997. ‘The Television Discourse- Encoding and Decoding [in] Studying Culture: An Introductory Reader’. In Studying Culture: An Introductory Reader, 2nd ed. London: Arnold.
Hall, Stuart. 1978. Policing the Crisis: Mugging, the State, and Law and Order. Vol. Critical social studies. London (etc.): Macmillan.
Hallin, Daniel C., and Paolo Mancini. 2004. Comparing Media Systems: Three Models of Media and Politics. Vol. Communication, society, and politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511790867.
———. 2012. Comparing Media Systems beyond the Western World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139005098.
Hardy, Jonathan. 2008. Western Media Systems. London: Routledge. http://UEA.eblib.com/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=481090.
Harrison, Graham. 2013. The African Presence: Representations of Africa in the Construction of Britishness. Manchester: Manchester University Press. https://manchester.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.7228/manchester/9780719088858.001.0001/upso-9780719088858.
Harrison, Paul, and Robin H. Palmer. 1986. News out of Africa: Biafra to Band Aid. London: Shipman.
Hawk, Beverly G. 1992. Africa’s Media Image. New York: Praeger.
Heerde, Jennifer van, and David Hudson. 2010. ‘“The Righteous Considereth the Cause of the Poor”? Public Attitudes Towards Poverty in Developing Countries’. Political Studies 58 (3): 389–409. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.2009.00800.x.
Herman, Edward S., and Robert Waterman McChesney. 1997. The Global Media: The New Missionaries of Corporate Capitalism. London: Continuum.
Hermes, Joke. 1995. Reading Women’s Magazines: An Analysis of Everyday Media Use. Cambridge: Polity.
Hesmondhalgh, David. 2013. The Cultural Industries. 3rd ed. London: SAGE.
Higgins, MaryEllen. 2012. Hollywood’s Africa after 1994. Athens: Ohio University Press. https://search-ebscohost-com.uea.idm.oclc.org/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=818166&site=eds-live&scope=site.
Hopkins, Jeff. 2000. ‘Signs of Masculinism in an “Uneasy” Place: Advertising for “Big Brothers”’. Gender, Place & Culture 7 (1): 31–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/09663690024852.
Inness, Sherrie A. 2004. Action Chicks: New Images of Tough Women in Popular Culture. 1st ed. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/detail.action?docID=307560.
Jaworski, Adam, and Nikolas Coupland, eds. 2014. The Discourse Reader. Third edition. London: Routledge.
Jeannine E. Relly, Celeste González de Bustamante Celeste González de. 2013. ‘Silencing Mexico: A Study of Influences on Journalists in the Northern States’. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1940161213509285.
Johan Galtung and Mari Holmboe Ruge. 1965. ‘The Structure of Foreign News’. Journal of Peace Research 2 (1): 64–91. https://uea.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/423011?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.
Johnstone, Barbara. 2008. Discourse Analysis. 2nd ed. Vol. 3. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing.
JOYE, STIJN. 2009. ‘The Hierarchy of Global Suffering’. Journal of International Communication 15 (2): 45–61. https://doi.org/10.1080/13216597.2009.9674750.
Kellow, Christine L., and H. Leslie Steeves. 1998. ‘The Role of Radio in the Rwandan Genocide’. Journal of Communication 48 (3): 107–28. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1998.tb02762.x.
Landau, Paul Stuart, and Deborah D. Kaspin. 2002. Images and Empires: Visuality in Colonial and Postcolonial Africa. Berkeley: University of California Press. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/detail.action?docID=224222.
Lazar, M. M. 2000. ‘Gender, Discourse and Semiotics: The Politics of Parenthood Representations’. Discourse & Society 11 (3): 373–400. https://doi.org/10.1177/0957926500011003005.
Lazar, Michelle M. 2006. ‘"Discover The Power Of Femininity!”’. Feminist Media Studies 6 (4): 505–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680770600990002.
Lewis, Justin, and Justin Lewis. 2001. Constructing Public Opinion: How Political Elites Do What They like and Why We Seem to Go along with It. New York: Columbia University Press. https://search-ebscohost-com.uea.idm.oclc.org/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=75535&site=eds-live&scope=site.
Livingston, Steven, and Todd Eachus. 1995. ‘Humanitarian Crises and U.S. Foreign Policy: Somalia and the CNN Effect Reconsidered’. Political Communication 12 (4): 413–29. https://doi.org/10.1080/10584609.1995.9963087.
Livingstone, S. 1996. ‘Suffering in Silence: Media Coverage of War and Famine in Sudan [in] From Massacres to Genocide: The Media, Public Policy, and Humanitarian Crises’. In From Massacres to Genocide: The Media, Public Policy, and Humanitarian Crises. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution.
MacBride, Seán. 1980. Many Voices, One World: Communication and Society, Today and Tomorrow : Towards a New More Just and More Efficient World Information and Communication Order. London: Kogan Page.
Macdonald, Myra. 1995. Representing Women: Myths of Femininity in the Popular Media. London: Edward Arnold.
Mawdsley, Emma. 2008. ‘Fu Manchu versus Dr Livingstone in the Dark Continent? Representing China, Africa and the West in British Broadsheet Newspapers’. Political Geography 27 (5): 509–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2008.03.006.
McQuail, Denis. 2010. McQuail’s Mass Communication Theory. 6th ed. Los Angeles, Calif: SAGE. http://UEA.eblib.com/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=480096.
McRobbie, A, and S Thornton. 1995. ‘Rethinking “Moral Panic” for Multi-Mediated Social Worlds’. The British Journal of Sociology 46 (4): 559–74. http://www.jstor.org/stable/591571?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.
McRobbie, Angela. 2000. Feminism and Youth Culture. 2nd ed. Basingstoke: Macmillan.
———. 2008a. ‘YOUNG WOMEN AND CONSUMER CULTURE’. Cultural Studies 22 (5): 531–50. https://doi.org/10.1080/09502380802245803.
———. 2008b. ‘Young Women and Consumer Culture’. Cultural Studies 22 (5): 531–50. https://doi.org/10.1080/09502380802245803.
Mel, Bunce. 2017. ‘Management and Resistance in the Digital Newsroom.’ http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/16440/.
Mengara, Daniel M. 2001. Images of Africa: Stereotypes & Realities. Trenton, N.J.: Africa World Press.
Mezzana, D. 2005. ‘A Cancerous Image: The Causes of Africa’s Negative and Reductive Image’. African Societies. http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/digitaldemocracy/mezzana.htm.
Miller, David. 2002. ‘Opinion Polls and the Misrepresentation of Public Opinion on the War with Afghanistan’. Television & New Media 3 (2): 153–61. https://doi.org/10.1177/152747640200300205.
Mody, Bella. 2003. ‘Global Communication Orders [in] International and Development Communication: A 21st-Century Perspective’. In International and Development Communication: A 21st-Century Perspective. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/detail.action?docID=1016388.
Moeller, S. 2006. ‘Regarding the Pain of Others: Media, Bias and the Coverage of International Disasters’. Journal of International Affairs. Spring/Summer 59 (2): 173–96. https://uea.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=20804753&site=ehost-live.
Moores, Shaun. 1993. Interpreting Audiences: The Ethnography of Media Consumption. London: Sage.
Morley, D. 1989. ‘Changing Paradigms in Audience Studies [in] Remote Control: Television, Audiences, and Cultural Power’. In Remote Control: Television, Audiences, and Cultural Power. London: Routledge. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/detail.action?docID=1221523.
Morley, David. 1992. Television, Audiences, and Cultural Studies. London: Routledge. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/detail.action?docID=179188.
Mulvey, L. 1975. ‘Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema’. Screen 16 (3): 6–18. https://doi.org/10.1093/screen/16.3.6.
‘News from and in the “Dark Continent”: Afro-Pessimism, News Flows, Global j...’ 2010. Journalism Studies. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14616701003638509.
Newton, K. 2006. ‘May the Weak Force Be with You: The Power of the Mass Media in Modern Politics’. European Journal of Political Research 45 (2): 209–34. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6765.2006.00296.x.
Newton, Kenneth, and Malcolm Brynin. 2001. ‘The National Press and Party Voting in the UK’. Political Studies 49 (2): 265–85. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9248.00313.
Norris, Pippa. 1997. Electoral Change in Britain since 1945. Vol. Making contemporary Britain series. Oxford: Blackwell.
———. 2000. A Virtuous Circle: Political Communications in Post-Industrial Democracies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://www-cambridge-org.uea.idm.oclc.org/core/books/virtuous-circle/93623037EA261D4CA3AE0CB41E41A46A.
Nothias, Toussaint. 2018. ‘How Western Journalists Actually Write About Africa’. Journalism Studies 19 (8): 1138–59. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2016.1262748.
Olsen, Gorm Rye, Nils Carstensen, and Kristian Høyen. 2003. ‘Humanitarian Crises: What Determines the Level of Emergency Assistance? Media Coverage, Donor Interests and the Aid Business’. Disasters 27 (2): 109–26. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-7717.00223.
Phil Harding. 2015. ‘Public Service Media in Divided Societies: Relic or Renaissance?’ http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/mediaaction/pdf/policybriefing/psb-in-divided-societies-sept-2015.pdf.
Philip Seib. 2005. ‘Hegemonic No More: Western Media, the Rise of Al-Jazeera, and the Influence of Diverse Voices’. International Studies Review 7 (4): 601–15. https://uea.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/3699677?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.
Philo, Greg. 2002. ‘Television News and Audience Understanding of War, Conflict and Disaster’. Journalism Studies 3 (2): 173–86. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616700220129955.
Philo, Greg and Glasgow Media Group. 1999. Message Received: Glasgow Media Group Research, 1993-1998. Harlow: Longman. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/detail.action?docID=1710593.
Pickard, Victor. 2007. ‘Neoliberal Visions and Revisions in Global Communications Policy From NWICO to WSIS’. Journal of Communication Inquiry 31 (2): 118–39. https://doi.org/10.1177/0196859906298162.
‘Public Service Broadcasting: A New Beginning, or the Beginning of the End?’ n.d. http://docplayer.net/309092-Public-service-broadcasting-a-new-beginning-or-the-beginning-of-the-end.html.
Radway, Janice A. 1991. Reading the Romance: Women, Patriarchy, and Popular Literature. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/detail.action?docID=880363.
Reeves, Geoffrey W. 1993. ‘The New International Information Order [in] Communications and the “Third World”’. In Communications and the ‘Third World’. Vol. Studies in culture and communication. London: Routledge.
‘Representation or Misrepresentation? The New York Times’s Framing of the 19...’ 2010. African Identities. https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=55308366&authtype=sso&custid=s8993828&site=eds-live&scope=site.
‘Rethinking Public Service Broadcasting’s Place in International Media Development’. n.d. http://www.cima.ned.org/publication/psb/.
Rose, Gillian. 2001. Visual Methodologies: An Introduction to the Interpretation of Visual Materials. London: Sage. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/detail.action?docID=254742.
Rye Olsen, Gorm. 2001. ‘European Public Opinion and Aid to Africa: Is There a Link?’ The Journal of Modern African Studies 39 (04). https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022278X01003731.
SAMUEL-AZRAN, TAL. 2009. ‘Counterflows and Counterpublics’. Journal of International Communication 15 (1): 56–73. https://doi.org/10.1080/13216597.2009.9674744.
Seiter, Ellen. 1989. Remote Control: Television, Audiences, and Cultural Power. London: Routledge. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/detail.action?docID=1221523.
Shim, D. 2006. ‘Hybridity and the Rise of Korean Popular Culture in Asia’. Media, Culture & Society 28 (1): 25–44. https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443706059278.
Shoemaker, P, and S Reese. 2003. ‘Inside the Image Factory: Theories of Media Organisation and Media Work [in] Understanding Media Theory’. In Understanding Media Theory. London: Arnold.
Shoemaker, Pamela J., and Stephen D. Reese. 2014. Mediating the Message in the 21st Century: A Media Sociology Perspective. Third edition. New York: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/detail.action?milDocID=542526.
Siebert, Fred S., Theodore Peterson, and Wilbur Schramm. 1984. Four Theories of the Press: The Authoritarian, Libertarian, Social Responsibility and Soviet Communist Concepts of What the Press Should Be and Do. Urbana, [Ill.]: University of Illinois Press.
Silverman, David. 2014. Interpreting Qualitative Data. 5E. Los Angeles: SAGE.
Silverstone, Roger. 1994. Television and Everyday Life. London: Routledge.
Somerville, Keith. n.d. ‘British Media Coverage of the Post-Election Violence in Kenya’. https://doi.org/10.1080/17531050903273776.
Staiger, Janet. 1992. Interpreting Films: Studies in the Historical Reception of American Cinema. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Stewart, K. 2005. ‘Researching Online Populations: The Use of Online Focus Groups for Social Research’. Qualitative Research 5 (4): 395–416. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468794105056916.
Straus, Scott. 2007. ‘What Is the Relationship between Hate Radio and Violence? Rethinking Rwanda’s "Radio Machete”’. Politics & Society 35 (4): 609–37. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032329207308181.
Street, John. 2011. Mass Media, Politics, and Democracy. 2nd ed. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/detail.action?docID=5297524.
Strinati, Dominic. 2004. An Introduction to Theories of Popular Culture. 2nd ed. London: Routledge. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/detail.action?docID=200017.
Sun, Wanning. 2009. Maid in China: Media, Mobility, and the Cultural Politics of Boundaries. London: Routledge. http://UEA.eblib.com/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=371005.
Tannen, Deborah, Heidi Ehernberger Hamilton, and Deborah Schiffrin, eds. 2018. The Handbook of Discourse Analysis. Second edition. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley Blackwell. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/reader.action?docID=1895501.
TEO, P. 2000. ‘Racism in the News: A Critical Discourse Analysis of News Reporting in Two Australian Newspapers’. Discourse & Society 11 (1): 7–49. https://doi.org/10.1177/0957926500011001002.
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