@inbook{Adorno_Horkheimer_1995, address={London}, title={The culture industry: enlightenment as mass deception [in] Approaches to media: a reader}, volume={Foundations in media}, booktitle={Approaches to media: a reader}, publisher={Arnold}, author={Adorno, T and Horkheimer, M}, year={1995} }
@book{Alden_2007, address={London}, title={China in Africa}, volume={African arguments}, url={http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=91839&entityid=https://login.uea.ac.uk/entity}, publisher={Zed}, author={Alden, Chris}, year={2007} }
@book{Alia_Bull_2005, address={Edinburgh}, title={Media and ethnic minorities}, volume={Media topics}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/detail.action?docID=264950}, publisher={Edinburgh University Press}, author={Alia, Valerie and Bull, Simone}, year={2005} }
@article{Allen_1990, title={From exhibition to reception: reflections on the audience in film history}, volume={31}, DOI={10.1093/screen/31.4.347}, number={4}, journal={Screen}, author={Allen, R. C.}, year={1990}, pages={347–356} }
@inbook{Althusser_2012, address={Chichester}, edition={2nd ed}, title={Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses [in] Media and cultural studies: keyworks}, volume={Keyworks}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/detail.action?docID=239901}, booktitle={Media and cultural studies: keyworks}, publisher={Wiley-Blackwell}, author={Althusser, L}, year={2012} }
@book{Ang_1991, address={London}, title={Desperately seeking the audience}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/detail.action?milDocID=47832}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Ang, Ien}, year={1991} }
@book{Ang_2005a, address={London}, title={Watching Dallas: soap opera and the melodramatic imagination}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/detail.action?docID=1395429}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Ang, Ien}, year={2005} }
@book{Ang_2005b, address={London}, title={Watching Dallas: soap opera and the melodramatic imagination}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Ang, Ien}, year={2005} }
@article{Banda_2009, title={China in the African mediascape: a critical injection}, volume={1}, DOI={10.1386/jams.1.3.343/1}, number={3}, journal={Journal of African Media Studies}, author={Banda, Fackson}, year={2009}, pages={343–361} }
@inbook{Barker_1999, address={Maidenhead}, title={Global Television and Global Culture [in] Television, globalization and cultural identities}, volume={Issues in cultural and media studies}, booktitle={Television, globalization and cultural identities}, publisher={Open University Press}, author={Barker, Chris}, year={1999} }
@inbook{Barker_2001, address={London}, edition={2nd ed}, title={The Newsom Report: A Case Study in ‘Common Sense’ [in] Ill effects: the media/violence debate}, volume={Communication and society}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/detail.action?docID=166481}, booktitle={Ill effects: the media/violence debate}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Barker, M}, year={2001} }
@book{Barker_Mathijs_2008, address={New York}, title={Watching the Lord of the rings: Tolkien’s world audiences}, volume={Media and culture}, url={http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip0720/2007024352.html}, publisher={Peter Lang}, author={Barker, Martin and Mathijs, Ernest}, year={2008} }
@inbook{Barthes_2015, address={Abingdon, Oxon}, edition={Seventh edition}, title={Myth Today [in] Cultural theory and popular culture: an introduction}, url={http://uea.eblib.com/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=2046454}, booktitle={Cultural theory and popular culture: an introduction}, publisher={Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group}, author={Barthes, R}, year={2015} }
@book{Bennett_Entman_2001, address={Cambridge}, title={Mediated politics: communication in the future of democracy}, url={https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511613852}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Bennett, W. Lance and Entman, Robert M.}, year={2001} }
@article{Bennett_Iyengar_2008, title={A New Era of Minimal Effects? The Changing Foundations of Political Communication}, volume={58}, DOI={10.1111/j.1460-2466.2008.00410.x}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Communication}, author={Bennett, W. Lance and Iyengar, Shanto}, year={2008}, month={Dec}, pages={707–731} }
@book{Benson_Neveu_2005, address={Cambridge}, title={Bourdieu and the journalistic field}, publisher={Polity}, author={Benson, Rodney and Neveu, Erik}, year={2005} }
@book{Benwell_2003, address={Oxford}, title={Masculinity and men’s lifestyle magazines}, volume={Sociological Review monographs}, publisher={Blackwell}, author={Benwell, Bethan}, year={2003} }
@book{Berger_2019, address={Thousand Oaks, California}, edition={Sixth edition}, title={Media analysis techniques}, publisher={SAGE Publications, Inc}, author={Berger, Arthur Asa}, year={2019} }
@book{Berkowitz_1997, address={Thousand Oaks}, title={Social meanings of news: a text-reader}, publisher={Sage}, author={Berkowitz, Daniel A.}, year={1997} }
@inbook{Bertrand_Hughes_2005, address={Basingstoke}, title={Gathering Data on Audiences [in] Media research methods: audiences, institutions, texts}, booktitle={Media research methods: audiences, institutions, texts}, publisher={Palgrave Macmillan}, author={Bertrand, I and Hughes, P}, year={2005} }
@book{Bignell_2002, address={Manchester}, edition={2nd ed}, title={Media semiotics: an introduction}, publisher={Manchester University Press}, author={Bignell, Jonathan}, year={2002} }
@inbook{Blumler_Gurevitch_1995, address={London}, title={Towards a Comparative Framework for Political Communication Research [in] The crisis of public communication}, volume={Communication and society}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/detail.action?docID=166135}, booktitle={The crisis of public communication}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Blumler, J and Gurevitch, M}, year={1995} }
@book{Bourdieu_2010, address={London}, title={Distinction: a social critique of the judgement of taste}, volume={Routledge classics}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/detail.action?docID=1433990}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Bourdieu, Pierre}, year={2010} }
@book{Boyd-Barrett_2015, address={Los Angeles}, title={Media imperialism}, publisher={SAGE}, author={Boyd-Barrett, Oliver}, year={2015} }
@article{Brookes_1995, title={`Suit, Tie and a Touch of Juju’—The Ideological Construction of Africa: A Critical Discourse Analysis of News on Africa in the British Press}, volume={6}, DOI={10.1177/0957926595006004002}, number={4}, journal={Discourse & Society}, author={Brookes, Heather Jean}, year={1995}, month={Oct}, pages={461–494} }
@article{Campbell_2007, title={Geopolitics and visuality: Sighting the Darfur conflict}, volume={26}, DOI={10.1016/j.polgeo.2006.11.005}, number={4}, journal={Political Geography}, author={Campbell, David}, year={2007}, month={May}, pages={357–382} }
@book{Carter_Steiner_2004, address={Maidenhead}, title={Critical readings: media and gender}, volume={Issues in cultural and media studies}, publisher={Open University Press}, author={Carter, Cynthia and Steiner, Linda}, year={2004} }
@inbook{Carter_2005, address={Maidenhead}, title={It’s a girl thing. Teenage magazines, lifestyle and consumer culture [in] Ordinary lifestyles: popular media, consumption and taste}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/detail.action?docID=287852}, booktitle={Ordinary lifestyles: popular media, consumption and taste}, publisher={Open University Press}, author={Carter, F}, year={2005} }
@book{Cohen_1987, address={Oxford}, title={Folk devils & moral panics: the creation of the mods and rockers}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/detail.action?docID=684015}, publisher={Basil Blackwell}, author={Cohen, Stanley}, year={1987} }
@article{Cook_2013, title={Diamonds and Genocide}, volume={3}, DOI={10.1177/2158244013495051}, number={3}, journal={SAGE Open}, author={Cook, Christopher R.}, year={2013}, month={Sep} }
@book{Craig_1992, address={Newbury Park, Ca}, title={Men, masculinity, and the media}, volume={Research on men and masculinities series}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/detail.action?docID=997226}, publisher={Sage Publications}, author={Craig, Steve}, year={1992} }
@book{Crang_Cook_2007, address={Los Angeles, Calif}, title={Doing ethnographies}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/detail.action?docID=370497}, publisher={SAGE}, author={Crang, Mike and Cook, Ian}, year={2007} }
@inbook{Croteau_Hoynes_2003, address={Thousand Oaks, Calif}, edition={3rd ed}, title={Media and Ideology [in] Media society: industries, images, and audiences}, booktitle={Media society: industries, images, and audiences}, publisher={Pine Forge Press}, author={Croteau, D and Hoynes, W}, year={2003} }
@inbook{Curran_Gurevitch_Woollacott_Curran_1977, address={London}, title={Media imperialism: Towards an international framework for an analysis of media systems [in] Mass communication and society}, booktitle={Mass communication and society}, publisher={Edward Arnold in association with The Open University Press}, author={Curran, James and Gurevitch, Michael and Woollacott, Janet and Curran, James}, year={1977} }
@book{Davis_2007, address={Abingdon}, title={The mediation of power: a critical introduction}, volume={Communication and society}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/detail.action?docID=324849}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Davis, Aeron}, year={2007} }
@book{Davis_2010, address={London}, title={Political communication and social theory}, volume={Communication and society}, url={http://www.UEA.eblib.com/EBLWeb/patron?target=patron&extendedid=P_557280_0&}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Davis, Aeron}, year={2010} }
@book{Deacon_2007, address={London}, edition={2nd ed}, title={Researching communications: a practical guide to methods in media and cultural analysis}, publisher={Hodder Arnold}, author={Deacon, David}, year={2007} }
@article{van Dijk_1993, title={Principles of Critical Discourse Analysis}, volume={4}, DOI={10.1177/0957926593004002006}, number={2}, journal={Discourse & Society}, author={van Dijk, T. A.}, year={1993}, pages={249–283} }
@book{Dijk_Dijk_Dijk_1991, address={London}, title={Racism and the press}, volume={Critical studies in racism and migration}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/detail.action?docID=3570178}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Dijk, Teun A. van and Dijk, Teun A. van and Dijk, Teun A. van}, year={1991} }
@book{Dorfman_Mattelart_1984, address={New York}, edition={2nd ed., enl}, title={How to read Donald Duck: imperialist ideology in the Disney comic}, publisher={International General}, author={Dorfman, Ariel and Mattelart, Armand}, year={1984} }
@book{Downing_Husband_2005, address={London}, title={Representing race: racisms, ethnicities and media}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/detail.action?docID=334517}, publisher={Sage}, author={Downing, John and Husband, Charles}, year={2005} }
@article{Entman_Rojecki_1993, title={Freezing out the public: Elite and media framing of the U.S. anti-nuclear movement}, volume={10}, DOI={10.1080/10584609.1993.9962973}, number={2}, journal={Political Communication}, author={Entman, Robert and Rojecki, Andrew}, year={1993}, pages={155–173} }
@article{Entman_Usher_2018, title={Framing in a Fractured Democracy: Impacts of Digital Technology on Ideology, Power and Cascading Network Activation}, volume={68}, DOI={10.1093/joc/jqx019}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Communication}, author={Entman, Robert M and Usher, Nikki}, year={2018}, month={Apr}, pages={298–308} }
@article{Eveland_McLeod_Signorielli_1995, title={ACTUAL AND PERCEIVED U.S. PUBLIC OPINION: THE SPIRAL OF SILENCE DURING THE PERSIAN GULF WAR}, volume={7}, DOI={10.1093/ijpor/7.2.91}, number={2}, journal={International Journal of Public Opinion Research}, author={Eveland, William P. and McLeod, Douglas M. and Signorielli, Nancy}, year={1995}, pages={91–109} }
@article{Fair_1993, title={War, Famine, and Poverty: Race in the Construction of Africa’s Media Image}, volume={17}, DOI={10.1177/019685999301700202}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Communication Inquiry}, author={Fair, Jo Ellen}, year={1993}, month={Jul}, pages={5–22} }
@inbook{Fairclough_2012, address={Chichester}, edition={2nd ed}, title={Critical Analysis of Media Discourse [in] Media and cultural studies: keyworks}, volume={Keyworks}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/detail.action?docID=239901}, booktitle={Media and cultural studies: keyworks}, publisher={Wiley-Blackwell}, author={Fairclough, N}, year={2012} }
@misc{Franks_2005, address={London}, title={Africa in the Media}, url={http://www.westminster.ac.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0019/20179/zim_art8.pdf}, publisher={University of Westminster}, author={Franks, S}, year={2005} }
@book{Freedman_2008, address={Cambridge, UK}, title={The politics of media policy}, url={http://uea.eblib.com/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=1272661}, publisher={Polity}, author={Freedman, Des}, year={2008} }
@inbook{Gauntlett_1998, title={Ten Things Wrong with the ‘Effects Model’ [in] Approaches to audiences: a reader}, booktitle={Approaches to audiences: a reader}, publisher={Arnold}, author={Gauntlett, D}, year={1998} }
@book{Gauntlett_Hill_1999, address={London}, title={TV living: television, culture, and everyday life}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/detail.action?docID=165172}, publisher={Routledge in association with the British Film Institute}, author={Gauntlett, David and Hill, Annette}, year={1999} }
@inbook{Geraghty_1997, address={London}, title={Audiences and Ethnography: Questions of Practice [in] The television studies book}, booktitle={The television studies book}, publisher={Arnold}, author={Geraghty, C}, year={1997} }
@book{Gillespie_Toynbee_2006, address={Maidenhead, Berkshire, England}, title={Analysing media texts}, volume={[4]}, publisher={Open University Press in association with the Open University}, author={Gillespie, Marie and Toynbee, Jason}, year={2006} }
@article{Golan_2008, title={Where in the World Is Africa?}, volume={70}, DOI={10.1177/1748048507084577}, number={1}, journal={International Communication Gazette}, author={Golan, Guy J.}, year={2008}, month={Feb}, pages={41–57} }
@book{Golding_Harris_1997, address={London}, title={Beyond cultural imperialism: globalization, communication and the new international order}, volume={Communication and human values}, publisher={SAGE}, author={Golding, Peter and Harris, Phil}, year={1997} }
@inbook{Hall_1996, address={Edinburgh}, title={Racist Ideologies and the Media [in] Media studies: a reader}, booktitle={Media studies: a reader}, publisher={Edinburgh University Press}, author={Hall, S}, year={1996} }
@inbook{Hall_1997, address={London}, edition={2nd ed}, title={The Television Discourse- Encoding and Decoding [in] Studying culture: an introductory reader}, booktitle={Studying culture: an introductory reader}, publisher={Arnold}, author={Hall, S}, year={1997} }
@book{Hall_1978, address={London (etc.)}, title={Policing the crisis: mugging, the state, and law and order}, volume={Critical social studies}, publisher={Macmillan}, author={Hall, Stuart}, year={1978} }
@book{Hallin_Mancini_2004, address={Cambridge}, title={Comparing media systems: three models of media and politics}, volume={Communication, society, and politics}, url={https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511790867}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Hallin, Daniel C. and Mancini, Paolo}, year={2004} }
@book{Hallin_Mancini_2012, address={Cambridge}, title={Comparing media systems beyond the Western world}, url={https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139005098}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Hallin, Daniel C. and Mancini, Paolo}, year={2012} }
@book{Hardy_2008, address={London}, title={Western media systems}, url={http://UEA.eblib.com/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=481090}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Hardy, Jonathan}, year={2008} }
@book{Harrison_2013, address={Manchester}, title={The African presence: representations of Africa in the construction of Britishness}, url={https://manchester.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.7228/manchester/9780719088858.001.0001/upso-9780719088858}, publisher={Manchester University Press}, author={Harrison, Graham}, year={2013} }
@book{Harrison_Palmer_1986, address={London}, title={News out of Africa: Biafra to Band Aid}, publisher={Shipman}, author={Harrison, Paul and Palmer, Robin H.}, year={1986} }
@book{Hawk_1992, address={New York}, title={Africa’s media image}, publisher={Praeger}, author={Hawk, Beverly G.}, year={1992} }
@article{van Heerde_Hudson_2010, title={‘The Righteous Considereth the Cause of the Poor’? Public Attitudes Towards Poverty in Developing Countries}, volume={58}, DOI={10.1111/j.1467-9248.2009.00800.x}, number={3}, journal={Political Studies}, author={van Heerde, Jennifer and Hudson, David}, year={2010}, month={Jun}, pages={389–409} }
@book{Herman_McChesney_1997, address={London}, title={The global media: the new missionaries of corporate capitalism}, publisher={Continuum}, author={Herman, Edward S. and McChesney, Robert Waterman}, year={1997} }
@book{Hermes_1995, address={Cambridge}, title={Reading women’s magazines: an analysis of everyday media use}, publisher={Polity}, author={Hermes, Joke}, year={1995} }
@book{Hesmondhalgh_2013, address={London}, edition={3rd ed}, title={The cultural industries}, publisher={SAGE}, author={Hesmondhalgh, David}, year={2013} }
@book{Higgins_2012, address={Athens}, title={Hollywood’s Africa after 1994}, url={https://search-ebscohost-com.uea.idm.oclc.org/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=818166&site=eds-live&scope=site}, publisher={Ohio University Press}, author={Higgins, MaryEllen}, year={2012} }
@article{Hopkins_2000, title={Signs of Masculinism in an ‘Uneasy’ Place: Advertising for ‘Big Brothers’}, volume={7}, DOI={10.1080/09663690024852}, number={1}, journal={Gender, Place & Culture}, author={Hopkins, Jeff}, year={2000}, pages={31–55} }
@book{Inness_2004, address={Basingstoke}, edition={1st ed}, title={Action chicks: new images of tough women in popular culture}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/detail.action?docID=307560}, publisher={Palgrave Macmillan}, author={Inness, Sherrie A.}, year={2004} }
@article{2013, title={Silencing Mexico: A Study of Influences on Journalists in the Northern States}, url={https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1940161213509285}, publisher={The International Journal of Press/Politics}, author={Jeannine E. Relly, Celeste González de Bustamante Celeste González de}, year={2013} }
@article{Johan Galtung and Mari Holmboe Ruge_1965, title={The Structure of Foreign News}, volume={2}, url={https://uea.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/423011?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Peace Research}, author={Johan Galtung and Mari Holmboe Ruge}, year={1965}, pages={64–91} }
@book{Johnstone_2008, address={Malden, MA}, edition={2nd ed}, title={Discourse analysis}, volume={3}, publisher={Blackwell Publishing}, author={Johnstone, Barbara}, year={2008} }
@article{JOYE_2009, title={The hierarchy of global suffering}, volume={15}, DOI={10.1080/13216597.2009.9674750}, number={2}, journal={Journal of International Communication}, author={JOYE, STIJN}, year={2009}, month={Jan}, pages={45–61} }
@article{Kellow_Steeves_1998, title={The Role of Radio in the Rwandan Genocide}, volume={48}, url={https://academic-oup-com.uea.idm.oclc.org/joc/article/48/3/107/4108139}, DOI={10.1111/j.1460-2466.1998.tb02762.x}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Communication}, author={Kellow, Christine L. and Steeves, H. Leslie}, year={1998}, month={Sep}, pages={107–128} }
@book{Landau_Kaspin_2002, address={Berkeley}, title={Images and empires: visuality in colonial and postcolonial Africa}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/detail.action?docID=224222}, publisher={University of California Press}, author={Landau, Paul Stuart and Kaspin, Deborah D.}, year={2002} }
@article{Lazar_2000, title={Gender, Discourse and Semiotics: The Politics of Parenthood Representations}, volume={11}, DOI={10.1177/0957926500011003005}, number={3}, journal={Discourse & Society}, author={Lazar, M. M.}, year={2000}, pages={373–400} }
@article{Lazar_2006, title={"Discover The Power Of Femininity!”}, volume={6}, DOI={10.1080/14680770600990002}, number={4}, journal={Feminist Media Studies}, author={Lazar, Michelle M.}, year={2006}, pages={505–517} }
@book{Lewis_Lewis_2001, address={New York}, title={Constructing public opinion: how political elites do what they like and why we seem to go along with it}, url={https://search-ebscohost-com.uea.idm.oclc.org/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=75535&site=eds-live&scope=site}, publisher={Columbia University Press}, author={Lewis, Justin and Lewis, Justin}, year={2001} }
@article{Livingston_Eachus_1995, title={Humanitarian crises and U.S. foreign policy: Somalia and the CNN effect reconsidered}, volume={12}, DOI={10.1080/10584609.1995.9963087}, number={4}, journal={Political Communication}, author={Livingston, Steven and Eachus, Todd}, year={1995}, pages={413–429} }
@inbook{Livingstone_1996, address={Washington, D.C.}, title={Suffering in Silence: Media Coverage of War and Famine in Sudan [in] From massacres to genocide: the media, public policy, and humanitarian crises}, booktitle={From massacres to genocide: the media, public policy, and humanitarian crises}, publisher={Brookings Institution}, author={Livingstone, S}, year={1996} }
@book{MacBride_1980, address={London}, title={Many voices, one world: communication and society, today and tomorrow : towards a new more just and more efficient world information and communication order}, publisher={Kogan Page}, author={MacBride, Seán}, year={1980} }
@book{Macdonald_1995, address={London}, title={Representing women: myths of femininity in the popular media}, publisher={Edward Arnold}, author={Macdonald, Myra}, year={1995} }
@article{Mawdsley_2008, title={Fu Manchu versus Dr Livingstone in the Dark Continent? Representing China, Africa and the West in British broadsheet newspapers}, volume={27}, DOI={10.1016/j.polgeo.2008.03.006}, number={5}, journal={Political Geography}, author={Mawdsley, Emma}, year={2008}, month={Jun}, pages={509–529} }
@book{McQuail_2010, address={Los Angeles, Calif}, edition={6th ed}, title={McQuail’s mass communication theory}, url={http://UEA.eblib.com/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=480096}, publisher={SAGE}, author={McQuail, Denis}, year={2010} }
@article{McRobbie_Thornton_1995, title={Rethinking ‘Moral Panic’ for Multi-Mediated Social Worlds}, volume={46}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/591571?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents}, number={4}, journal={The British Journal of Sociology}, author={McRobbie, A and Thornton, S}, year={1995}, pages={559–574} }
@book{McRobbie_2000, address={Basingstoke}, edition={2nd ed}, title={Feminism and youth culture}, publisher={Macmillan}, author={McRobbie, Angela}, year={2000} }
@article{McRobbie_2008a, title={YOUNG WOMEN AND CONSUMER CULTURE}, volume={22}, DOI={10.1080/09502380802245803}, number={5}, journal={Cultural Studies}, author={McRobbie, Angela}, year={2008}, pages={531–550} }
@article{McRobbie_2008b, title={Young Women and Consumer Culture}, volume={22}, DOI={10.1080/09502380802245803}, number={5}, journal={Cultural Studies}, author={McRobbie, Angela}, year={2008}, pages={531–550} }
@article{2017, title={Management and resistance in the digital newsroom.}, url={http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/16440/}, publisher={Journalism}, author={Mel, Bunce}, year={2017} }
@book{Mengara_2001, address={Trenton, N.J.}, title={Images of Africa: stereotypes & realities}, publisher={Africa World Press}, author={Mengara, Daniel M.}, year={2001} }
@article{Mezzana_2005, title={A Cancerous Image: The causes of Africa’s negative and reductive image}, url={http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/digitaldemocracy/mezzana.htm}, journal={African Societies}, author={Mezzana, D}, year={2005} }
@article{Miller_2002, title={Opinion Polls and the Misrepresentation of Public Opinion on the War with Afghanistan}, volume={3}, DOI={10.1177/152747640200300205}, number={2}, journal={Television & New Media}, author={Miller, David}, year={2002}, month={May}, pages={153–161} }
@inbook{Mody_2003, address={Thousand Oaks, CA}, title={Global Communication Orders [in] International and development communication: a 21st-century perspective}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/detail.action?docID=1016388}, booktitle={International and development communication: a 21st-century perspective}, publisher={Sage Publications}, author={Mody, Bella}, year={2003} }
@article{Moeller_2006, title={Regarding the Pain of Others: Media, bias and the coverage of international disasters}, volume={59}, url={https://uea.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=20804753&site=ehost-live}, number={2}, journal={Journal of International Affairs. Spring/Summer}, author={Moeller, S}, year={2006}, pages={173–196} }
@book{Moores_1993, address={London}, title={Interpreting audiences: the ethnography of media consumption}, publisher={Sage}, author={Moores, Shaun}, year={1993} }
@inbook{Morley_1989, address={London}, title={Changing Paradigms in Audience Studies [in] Remote control: television, audiences, and cultural power}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/detail.action?docID=1221523}, booktitle={Remote control: television, audiences, and cultural power}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Morley, D}, year={1989} }
@book{Morley_1992, address={London}, title={Television, audiences, and cultural studies}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/detail.action?docID=179188}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Morley, David}, year={1992} }
@article{Mulvey_1975, title={Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema}, volume={16}, DOI={10.1093/screen/16.3.6}, number={3}, journal={Screen}, author={Mulvey, L.}, year={1975}, pages={6–18} }
@article{Newton_2006, title={May the weak force be with you: The power of the mass media in modern politics}, volume={45}, url={https://uea.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1475-6765.2006.00296.x/abstract}, DOI={10.1111/j.1475-6765.2006.00296.x}, number={2}, journal={European Journal of Political Research}, author={Newton, K}, year={2006}, pages={209–234} }
@article{Newton_Brynin_2001, title={The National Press and Party Voting in the UK}, volume={49}, DOI={10.1111/1467-9248.00313}, number={2}, journal={Political Studies}, author={Newton, Kenneth and Brynin, Malcolm}, year={2001}, pages={265–285} }
@book{Norris_1997, address={Oxford}, title={Electoral change in Britain since 1945}, volume={Making contemporary Britain series}, publisher={Blackwell}, author={Norris, Pippa}, year={1997} }
@book{Norris_2000, address={Cambridge}, title={A virtuous circle: political communications in post-industrial democracies}, url={https://www-cambridge-org.uea.idm.oclc.org/core/books/virtuous-circle/93623037EA261D4CA3AE0CB41E41A46A}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Norris, Pippa}, year={2000} }
@article{Nothias_2018, title={How Western Journalists Actually Write About Africa}, volume={19}, DOI={10.1080/1461670X.2016.1262748}, number={8}, journal={Journalism Studies}, author={Nothias, Toussaint}, year={2018}, month={Jun}, pages={1138–1159} }
@article{Olsen_Carstensen_Høyen_2003, title={Humanitarian Crises: What Determines the Level of Emergency Assistance? Media Coverage, Donor Interests and the Aid Business}, volume={27}, DOI={10.1111/1467-7717.00223}, number={2}, journal={Disasters}, author={Olsen, Gorm Rye and Carstensen, Nils and Høyen, Kristian}, year={2003}, month={Jun}, pages={109–126} }
@article{2015, title={Public service media in divided societies: Relic or renaissance?}, url={http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/mediaaction/pdf/policybriefing/psb-in-divided-societies-sept-2015.pdf}, publisher={BBC Media Action: Policy Brief}, author={Phil Harding}, year={2015} }
@article{Philip Seib_2005, title={Hegemonic No More: Western Media, the Rise of Al-Jazeera, and the Influence of Diverse Voices}, volume={7}, url={https://uea.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/3699677?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents}, number={4}, journal={International Studies Review}, author={Philip Seib}, year={2005}, pages={601–615} }
@article{Philo_2002, title={Television News and Audience Understanding of War, Conflict and Disaster}, volume={3}, DOI={10.1080/14616700220129955}, number={2}, journal={Journalism Studies}, author={Philo, Greg}, year={2002}, month={Jan}, pages={173–186} }
@book{Philo_Glasgow Media Group_1999, address={Harlow}, title={Message received: Glasgow Media Group research, 1993-1998}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/detail.action?docID=1710593}, publisher={Longman}, author={Philo, Greg and Glasgow Media Group}, year={1999} }
@article{Pickard_2007, title={Neoliberal Visions and Revisions in Global Communications Policy From NWICO to WSIS}, volume={31}, DOI={10.1177/0196859906298162}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Communication Inquiry}, author={Pickard, Victor}, year={2007}, month={Apr}, pages={118–139} }
@book{Radway_1991, address={Chapel Hill}, title={Reading the romance: women, patriarchy, and popular literature}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/detail.action?docID=880363}, publisher={University of North Carolina Press}, author={Radway, Janice A.}, year={1991} }
@inbook{Reeves_1993, address={London}, title={The New International Information Order [in] Communications and the ‘Third World’}, volume={Studies in culture and communication}, booktitle={Communications and the ‘Third World’}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Reeves, Geoffrey W.}, year={1993} }
@book{Rose_2001, address={London}, title={Visual methodologies: an introduction to the interpretation of visual materials}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/detail.action?docID=254742}, publisher={Sage}, author={Rose, Gillian}, year={2001} }
@article{Rye Olsen_2001, title={European public opinion and aid to Africa: is there a link?}, volume={39}, DOI={10.1017/S0022278X01003731}, number={04}, journal={The Journal of Modern African Studies}, author={Rye Olsen, Gorm}, year={2001}, month={Dec} }
@article{SAMUEL-AZRAN_2009, title={Counterflows and counterpublics}, volume={15}, DOI={10.1080/13216597.2009.9674744}, number={1}, journal={Journal of International Communication}, author={SAMUEL-AZRAN, TAL}, year={2009}, month={Jan}, pages={56–73} }
@book{Seiter_1989, address={London}, title={Remote control: television, audiences, and cultural power}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/detail.action?docID=1221523}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Seiter, Ellen}, year={1989} }
@article{Shim_2006, title={Hybridity and the rise of Korean popular culture in Asia}, volume={28}, DOI={10.1177/0163443706059278}, number={1}, journal={Media, Culture & Society}, author={Shim, D.}, year={2006}, pages={25–44} }
@inbook{Shoemaker_Reese_2003, address={London}, title={Inside the Image Factory: Theories of media Organisation and media Work [in] Understanding media theory}, booktitle={Understanding media theory}, publisher={Arnold}, author={Shoemaker, P and Reese, S}, year={2003} }
@book{Shoemaker_Reese_2014, address={New York}, edition={Third edition}, title={Mediating the message in the 21st century: a media sociology perspective}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/detail.action?milDocID=542526}, publisher={Routledge Taylor & Francis Group}, author={Shoemaker, Pamela J. and Reese, Stephen D.}, year={2014} }
@book{Siebert_Peterson_Schramm_1984, address={Urbana, [Ill.]}, title={Four theories of the press: the authoritarian, libertarian, social responsibility and Soviet communist concepts of what the press should be and do}, publisher={University of Illinois Press}, author={Siebert, Fred S. and Peterson, Theodore and Schramm, Wilbur}, year={1984} }
@book{Silverman_2014, address={Los Angeles}, edition={5E.}, title={Interpreting qualitative data}, publisher={SAGE}, author={Silverman, David}, year={2014} }
@book{Silverstone_1994, address={London}, title={Television and everyday life}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Silverstone, Roger}, year={1994} }
@article{Somerville, Keith, title={British media coverage of the post-election violence in Kenya}, url={https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edswss&AN=000272535200008&authtype=sso&custid=s8993828&site=eds-live&scope=site}, DOI={10.1080/17531050903273776}, author={Somerville, Keith} }
@book{Staiger_1992, address={Princeton, NJ}, title={Interpreting films: studies in the historical reception of American cinema}, publisher={Princeton University Press}, author={Staiger, Janet}, year={1992} }
@article{Stewart_2005, title={Researching online populations: the use of online focus groups for social research}, volume={5}, DOI={10.1177/1468794105056916}, number={4}, journal={Qualitative Research}, author={Stewart, K.}, year={2005}, pages={395–416} }
@article{Straus_2007, title={What Is the Relationship between Hate Radio and Violence? Rethinking Rwanda’s "Radio Machete”}, volume={35}, DOI={10.1177/0032329207308181}, number={4}, journal={Politics & Society}, author={Straus, Scott}, year={2007}, month={Dec}, pages={609–637} }
@book{Street_2011, address={Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire}, edition={2nd ed}, title={Mass media, politics, and democracy}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/detail.action?docID=5297524}, publisher={Palgrave Macmillan}, author={Street, John}, year={2011} }
@book{Strinati_2004, address={London}, edition={2nd ed}, title={An introduction to theories of popular culture}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/detail.action?docID=200017}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Strinati, Dominic}, year={2004} }
@book{Sun_2009, address={London}, title={Maid in China: media, mobility, and the cultural politics of boundaries}, url={http://UEA.eblib.com/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=371005}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Sun, Wanning}, year={2009} }
@article{TEO_2000, title={Racism in the News: A Critical Discourse Analysis of News Reporting in Two Australian Newspapers}, volume={11}, DOI={10.1177/0957926500011001002}, number={1}, journal={Discourse & Society}, author={TEO, P.}, year={2000}, pages={7–49} }
@article{Thussu_2005, title={From M bride to Murdoch: The Marketisation of Global Communication}, volume={12}, DOI={10.1080/13183222.2005.11008894}, number={3}, journal={Javnost - The Public}, author={Thussu, Daya Kishan}, year={2005}, month={Jan}, pages={47–60} }
@article{Thussu_2015, title={Reinventing "Many Voices”: MacBride and a Digital New World Information and Communication Order}, volume={22}, DOI={10.1080/13183222.2015.1080454}, number={3}, journal={Javnost - The Public}, author={Thussu, Daya Kishan}, year={2015}, month={Jul}, pages={252–263} }
@article{2014, title={‘Rising’, ‘hopeful’, ‘new’: Visualizing Africa in the age of globalization}, url={https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1470357214530063?journalCode=vcja}, publisher={Visual Communication}, author={Toussaint, Nothias}, year={2014} }
@book{Tulloch_Jenkins_1995, address={London}, title={Science fiction audiences: watching Doctor Who and Star trek}, volume={Popular fiction series}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/detail.action?docID=240558}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Tulloch, John and Jenkins, Henry}, year={1995} }
@book{Tunstall_2008, address={New York}, title={The media were American: U.S. mass media in decline}, url={http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0723/2006053274-t.html}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Tunstall, Jeremy}, year={2008} }
@inbook{Van Dijk_2014, address={London}, edition={Third edition}, title={Discourse And the Denial of Racism [in] The discourse reader}, booktitle={The discourse reader}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Van Dijk, Teun A.}, editor={Jaworski, Adam and Coupland, Nikolas}, year={2014} }
@book{Van Leeuwen_Jewitt_Leeuwen_Leeuwen_2001, address={London}, title={Handbook of visual analysis}, publisher={SAGE}, author={Van Leeuwen, Theo and Jewitt, Carey and Leeuwen, Theo van and Leeuwen, Theo van}, year={2001} }
@article{Wall, Melissa, title={Africa on Youtube: Musicians, tourists, missionaries and aid workers}, url={https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mzh&AN=2012300429&authtype=sso&custid=s8993828&site=eds-live&scope=site}, number={5}, author={Wall, Melissa}, pages={393–407} }
@book{Weaver_Carter_2006, address={Maidenhead}, title={Critical readings: violence and the media}, volume={Issues in cultural and media studies}, publisher={Open University Press}, author={Weaver, C. Kay and Carter, Cynthia}, year={2006} }
@article{Wodak_Matouschek_1993, title={We are Dealing with People Whose Origins One can Clearly Tell Just by Looking’: Critical Discourse Analysis and the Study of Neo-Racism in Contemporary Austria}, volume={4}, DOI={10.1177/0957926593004002005}, number={2}, journal={Discourse & Society}, author={Wodak, R. and Matouschek, B.}, year={1993}, pages={225–248} }
@book{Wodak_2013, address={Los Angeles}, title={Critical discourse analysis}, publisher={SAGE}, author={Wodak, Ruth}, year={2013} }
@article{Xie, Qin_2018, title={Critical discourse analysis of news}, volume={8}, url={https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsglr&AN=edsgcl.537983017&authtype=sso&custid=s8993828&site=eds-live&scope=site}, number={Issue 4, p399}, author={Xie, Qin}, year={2018} }
@article{Xin_2009, title={Xinhua News Agency in Africa}, volume={1}, DOI={10.1386/jams.1.3.363/1}, number={3}, journal={Journal of African Media Studies}, author={Xin, Xin}, year={2009}, pages={363–377} }
@article{Africa’s media image_1992, url={https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edseul&AN=edseul.3000086717716&authtype=sso&custid=s8993828&site=eds-live&scope=site}, year={1992} }
@article{Representation or misrepresentation? The New York Times’s framing of the 19..._2010, url={https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=55308366&authtype=sso&custid=s8993828&site=eds-live&scope=site}, journal={African Identities}, year={2010} }
@article{News from and in the ‘dark continent’: Afro-pessimism, news flows, global j..._2010, url={https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14616701003638509}, journal={Journalism Studies}, year={2010} }
@article{Coverage of african conflicts in the american media: Filtering out the logi..._2013, url={https://uea.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search-ebscohost-com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=93479760&site=ehost-live}, journal={African and Asian Studies}, year={2013} }
@book{Jaworski_Coupland_2014, address={London}, edition={Third edition}, title={The discourse reader}, publisher={Routledge}, year={2014} }
@book{Bunce_Franks_Paterson_2017, address={London}, title={Africa’s media image in the 21st century: from the ‘Heart of Darkness’ to ‘Africa Rising’}, publisher={Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group}, year={2017} }
@book{Tannen_Hamilton_Schiffrin_2018, address={Chichester, West Sussex}, edition={Second edition}, title={The handbook of discourse analysis}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uea/reader.action?docID=1895501}, publisher={Wiley Blackwell}, year={2018} }
@misc{Definition and scope of Afro-pessimism by Toussaint Nothias. Availible here - http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/96381/, url={http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/96381/} }
@inbook{From NWICO to global governance of the information society [in] Media and glocal change / Oscar Hemer and Thomas Tufte., address={Nordicom, 2005}, url={http://bibliotecavirtual.clacso.org.ar/ar/libros/edicion/media/17Chapter11.pdf}, booktitle={Media and glocal change / Oscar Hemer and Thomas Tufte.} }
@misc{Public service broadcasting: a new beginning, or the beginning of the end?, url={http://docplayer.net/309092-Public-service-broadcasting-a-new-beginning-or-the-beginning-of-the-end.html} }
@misc{Rethinking Public Service Broadcasting’s Place in International Media Development, url={http://www.cima.ned.org/publication/psb/} }
